Treatment of minor diseases, part three
क्षुद्ररोगचिकित्सित · चिकित्साधिकार
Opening line of the fifteenth chapter. Its first part, read in this task, treats diseases of the head, ears, nose and mouth.
- Topics
- 290
- PDF pages
- 331–394
Topics in this session
Headings from the book in reading order. Open a topic for its summary and the knowledge it refers to.
Praise of Ajita Jina, lord of the world and giver of inner and outer prosperity, who expounds pramana, nikshepa and naya and cannot be conquered.
Bowing to Ajitanatha, destroyer of sin, the author promises to describe the diseases of the head with their signs, treatment and analysis.
Head diseases arise from vata, pitta, kapha, blood and all doshas together, and also as suryavarta, ardhavabhedaka and shankhaka. A footnote gives the signs of the vata, pitta, kapha,…
Opening line of the fifteenth chapter. Its first part, read in this task, treats diseases of the head, ears, nose and mouth.
Worms in the head cause splitting pain with blood and pus from the nose; depletion of doshas and tissues in the head causes the kshayaja type. Worm-destroying nasal medication is advised…
Suryavarta is head pain that grows with the sun from morning to midday and subsides as the sun declines; ardhavabhedaka is severe pain in exactly one half of the head.
Vata alone, or joined with kapha, pitta or blood, lodged in the head causes pain, especially at the temples, on very cold, windy and cloudy days; this is shankhaka. A footnote adds burning…
- Distinguishing signs of blood-pitta and vata-kapha head diseaseरक्तपित्तज, वातकफज शिरोरोग के विशिष्ट लक्षणConditionp. 260
Head pain from blood and pitta is worst by day and calms at night; pain from vata and kapha is worst at night, and these patients are at ease by day.
Weighing which dosha predominates, head diseases are treated with venesection, head purgation, heating, binding, medicated mouthfuls and plasters.
Vijalini seed, vacha, the three pungents, shigru, nimba seed, vidanga, rock salt and mustard, mixed into malkangani oil or cooked with it, are used as nasal medication to remove worms of…
Having described the signs and treatment of ten kinds of head disease, including the difficult shankhaka, the author turns to all diseases of the ear, told briefly with their special signs.
Aggravated vata in the ear moving against its course causes severe earache; the same vata reaching the sound-carrying channels makes the ear hear false sounds like drums, kettledrums and…
Ear vata joined with kapha and settled in the sound-carrying channels makes the ear deaf; joined with other doshas there it produces a sound like the roar of the sea (karnakshveda).
Water entering the ear while diving, a blow to the head, or a boil or abscess in the ear that ripens and bursts leads to constant discharge of pus, called karnasamsrava.
Foul-smelling pus flowing from the ear is putikarna; dreadful worms arising in the ear make krimikarnaka.
- Signs of ear itching, dried ear deposit and blocked earकर्णकण्डू, कर्णगूथ, कर्णप्रतिनाह के लक्षणConditionp. 262
Kapha collecting in the ear causes itching (karnakandu); the same kapha dried there becomes karnagutha; that deposit turned liquid again covers the ear, called karnapratinada or pratinaha.
- Signs of ear suppuration, abscess, swelling and pilesकर्णपाक, विद्रधि, शोथ, अर्श का लक्षणConditionp. 262
An ear abscess that ripens and bursts leaves the ear wet and putrid (karnapaka); tumours, swellings, abscesses and piles also arise in the ear and carry those names.
Ear diseases are now treated according to dosha; in vata disorders, warm oil cooked with vata-pacifying drugs is poured into the ear.
After the oil is poured in, the ear is fomented with hot bundles of grain, bricks and the like, or by tube fomentation, or by holding it over a heated vessel with leaves.
The ear patient drinks lukewarm ghee mixed with milk; the head is saturated with bala oil (or an oil-soaked cotton pad is kept on it), and nasal medication and oil poured into the ear are…
Ghee with an equal part of oil is cooked with decoction and paste of kemuka, ankola fruit, ginger juice, jatamamsi, shigru juice, devadaru, bamboo bark, garlic, asafoetida, rock salt, the…
For kapha-dominant ear disease the ear is filled with hot shigru-root and ginger juice with rock salt, or with goat urine warmed with garlic, arka and rock salt.
For heavy worm infestation of the ear, the ear is filled with neem oil and salt and other worm-destroying measures are used; in ear suppuration the same drugs are filled into the ear and it…
The ear is washed with a decoction of trivrit, turmeric, aragvadha and kutaja bark, and dipika oil is filled in; this is said to destroy worms and severe pain. A footnote explains how…
When much matter from outside has lodged in the ear and the patient is strong, a physician skilled in suction removes it carefully with a gourd or horn applied, or with a probe; an insect…
- Treatment of foul discharge, ear discharge, ear piles and abscessपूतिकर्ण, कर्णस्राव, कर्णार्श, विद्रधि चिकित्साRemedyp. 264
For ear disease with foul discharge, medicated liquids or the cleansing oil described earlier are filled into the ear; for piles and abscesses in the ear, the treatments given for piles and…
Twenty-eight ear diseases have been described; the wise physician should weigh their doshas and treat them with care by his own judgement. A footnote lists the twenty-eight.
The author announces that the names and signs of nasal diseases, the use of suitable drugs and the order of treatment will now be told briefly.
Burning, a smoke-like emission, dryness and discharge in the nose with loss of the sense of smell mark pinasa, arising from kapha and vata; it is cleansed with drugs that pacify vata and…
Vata joined with vitiated doshas lodged in the throat and palate makes foul air come from the nose and mouth (putinasa); the throat is cleansed and the head treated with head-purging drugs.
Aggravated pitta settling in the nose raises boils and the inside of the nose suppurates (nasapaka); it is treated with liquids suited to wounds and with the drugs for pitta-type visarpa.
From wounds made by worms in the forehead region, from vitiated doshas, or from injury, pus mixed with blood flows from the nose (puyarakta); it is treated like a corrupted wound and a…
From aggravated pitta the nose burns intensely and hot, smoke-like breath comes out (diptanasa); it is treated by the course for raktapitta and with pitta treatments.
Vata lodged in the vital spot of the nose, aggravated, comes out again and again with a sound; this is kshavathu (sneezing), relieved by very sharp pressed nasal drops (avapidana).
Sneezing from repeatedly sniffing pungent powders, gazing at the sun's disc, or a blow to the soft cartilage of the nose is called external (agantu) kshavathu; it subsides on its own.
Thick, salty kapha accumulated earlier in the vital spot of the head flows out from the head (mahabhramshana, also called bhramshathu); it is overcome with pressed and purging nasal drops.
Udana vata with greatly aggravated kapha fills and blocks the nasal passage (nasapratinaha); it is overcome quickly with medicated smoke, nasal drops and uttarabasti, which the commentary…
From aggravated kapha, watery fluid runs from the nose day and night (nasaparisrava); it is overcome with kapha-pacifying drug powders given as pressed nasal drops.
Kapha dried by excess pitta and vata dries up its seat, the nose (nasaparishosha); it is treated with ghee made from milk.
In nasal diseases nasal medication and meals of ghee, milk, rice pudding and moistening foods are wholesome, with drugs chosen for whichever dosha is strongest; this is said to remove all…
Patients with nasal disease are treated with head purgation, head saturation, medicated smoke, gargles and lickable preparations, and with khala cooked with pungent, hot and alkaline…
Tumours, piles and swellings in the nose are treated with the drugs already described; any other nasal disease is treated by a skilled physician after weighing dosha strength and curability.
- Conclusion of nasal diseases and promise to describe mouth diseasesनासारोग का उपसंहार व मुखरोग वर्णन प्रतिज्ञाOtherp. 268
Thirty-one major nasal diseases have been described in order; next all diseases of the mouth are to be told with their forms, names and signs.
The mouth has seven seats of disease, counted as the two lips, the teeth, tongue, roots of the teeth (gums), throat and palate; dosha-born disorders arise in all of them.
Lip diseases are of eight kinds: from vata, pitta, kapha, all three together, blood, injury, flesh and fat.
Painful, very rough and hard lips indicate vata; burning, suppurating and cracked lips indicate pitta; large, heavy and slimy lips indicate kapha.
- Signs of combined, blood, flesh and fat lip diseasesसन्निपात, रक्त, मांस, मेदोत्पन्न ओष्ठरोगों के लक्षणConditionp. 269
All signs together mark the combined type; bleeding lips the blood type; firm, very thick lips the flesh type; lips like fat, ghee or honey the fat type.
Lips split by injury with much swelling are the injury type. Each lip disease is treated with dosha-specific drugs, plasters, fomentation and bloodletting as needed, or by the methods for…
- Promise to describe eight dental diseases; signs of dalanaअष्टविध दंतरोग वर्णन प्रतिज्ञा व दालन लक्षणConditionp. 270
The author promises to describe eight diseases of the teeth with their signs and treatment. Pain as if the teeth were being split open is dalana, a disease arising from vata.
A tooth with black holes that is very loose, discharges pus without special cause and always aches is krimidanta (kitadanta); the wise physician should extract it quickly, since, the…
When the teeth cannot bear chewing anything hot or cold, the disease is called dantaharsha; the commentary says it arises from aggravated vata and pitta.
When the face becomes crooked and the teeth begin to break, it is dantabhanjanaka, a dreadful disease of all three doshas, to be managed with drugs that act against all three doshas.
Dirt on uncleaned teeth dries hard, feels gritty like sand and makes the teeth decay (dantasharkara); when this deposit cracks off by itself like potsherds it is kapalika, which destroys…
Teeth burnt by blood and pitta turn black and blue (shyamadantaka); when the jaw joint is loosened by vata or a blow it is hanumoksha, which shows the signs of ardita. Verse 56 adds that…
Dantaharsha is treated chiefly with strongly vata-destroying drugs; unctuous, lukewarm food is wholesome and ghee is drunk after meals.
Tartar on the teeth is removed without wounding the tooth roots, and the hard-to-cure kapalika is removed likewise; in both, lukewarm oil is held in the mouth.
After the tartar is removed, the teeth are rubbed with turmeric, the three pungents, rock salt and oil; hanumoksha is treated like ardita (facial palsy). The commentary then announces five…
The three doshas raise thorn-like sprouts (kantaka) on the tongue, each showing the pain and signs of its dosha; the vata type is rubbed with turmeric, rock salt and the three pungents…
- Signs and treatment of tongue sprouts by doshaवात, पित्त, कफज जिह्वारोग लक्षण व चिकित्साMethodp. 272
In pitta-type sprouts the tongue is first rubbed with rough leaves to let out blood, then drugs of the cooling and heating groups soaked in ghee are applied; in kapha-type sprouts the three…
From kapha and pitta the underside of the tongue swells greatly with little pain (jihvalasaka); when the doshas ripen, the tongue cannot be moved.
Jihvalasaka is scraped until it bleeds and cleansed, then rubbed with mustard, rock salt, pippali, vacha, patola leaves and nimba mixed with ghee and oil.
Upajihvika is rubbed with the drugs used for jihvalasaka and treated with head purgation and medicated mouthfuls; the author then announces fifteen diseases of the tooth roots (gums).
Blood suddenly flowing from the gums through kapha and blood is called sitoda (shitada); it is treated with bloodletting and medicated mouthfuls. A footnote records सीतोद as a variant…
A round swelling at the tooth roots from kapha and blood is dantapupputa (footnotes give the variant dantapushpaka and say it occurs at the roots of two or three teeth); it is treated by…
Foul blood flows from the gums and all the teeth become loose (dantaveshta); it is overcome by letting out the corrupted blood.
Pushing the tongue down, a swelling shaped like the tip of the tongue arises beneath it from kapha and blood, with constant salivation and itching; this is upajihvika.
When teeth fall from their gums, the palate splits and pain is intense, the disease is mahashushira, arising from all three doshas; it is treated with drugs that overcome all three doshas.
A painful swelling of the gums from kapha and blood with discharge of kapha is shushira; it is rubbed with kushtha, antimony (surma), lodhra and musta.
The flesh of the gums splits and falls away, the gums become corrupted and bleed; arising from kapha, pitta and blood, this is called parisradara. A footnote gives रद as a variant for दर.
From pitta and blood the gums burn and suppurate and then loosen all the teeth, with great distress; this is called (upa)kusha.
Rubbing all the gums causes great swelling from injury (vaidarbha); from vata a second tooth grows over a tooth with intense pain while it erupts (khalavardhana). A footnote gives the…
A large, very painful swelling with salivation at the gum of the last tooth inside the jaw, from kapha, is adhimamsa; it is quickly destroyed with flesh-corroding caustics.
The five kinds of sinus tract described earlier (vata, pitta, kapha, combined and external) also occur at the tooth roots as dantanadi; they are overcome by incision, cleansing and healing…
A hard, swollen, heated gum is treated quickly with bloodletting and overcome with special measures such as lukewarm gargles of good drugs prepared as decoctions, oils and ghee.
In upakusha, pippali, rock salt, dry ginger and mustard mixed in hot water are always held as a gargle, and ghee (cooked, the commentary adds, with the sweet kakolyadi group) is used for…
In vaidarbha the swelling of the gums is opened with a sharp knife and cleansed, caustic alkali is applied, and then all cooling measures are used.
In khalavardhana the extra tooth is extracted and its root burnt, the measures given for krimidanta are carried out, and suitable drugs follow. The author then announces seventeen diseases…
From vata, pitta, kapha, blood and all doshas together, thorn-like sprouts arise that suddenly block the throat, each with its dosha's signs; this is rohini, which a footnote says is of…
All kinds of rohini are naturally very hard to cure; the commentary says those from all doshas together, from kapha and from blood are to be given up as incurable, and the treatment of the…
Curable rohini is overcome, according to the doshas, with bloodletting, medicated mouthfuls, smoking, emesis, licks, head purgation and rubbing (pratisarana).
From kapha a hard, fixed, thorny lump like a jujube stone forms in the throat (kanthashaluka); it is quickly incised with a knife and cleansed. A footnote gives the variant reading तालूक.
From kapha and blood a tongue-like growth arises above the tongue at its root, bound to the throat (vijihvika or adhijihvika); once it has suppurated it is incurable and is to be left.
Kapha raises a high, long swelling in the throat that stops water and food from passing down; this valaya is very dreadful, likened to poison, fire, weapon, lightning and death, and is to…
From kapha and vata a swelling arises in the throat with great pain and severe breathlessness; this hard-to-cross disease that cuts the vital points is called mahalasa (balasa), and the…
From kapha and blood a soft, heavy, round swelling with itching and burning and little pain arises in the throat region (ekavrinda); it is incised and treated.
A round, raised swelling in the throat with burning and high fever, from intense pitta and blood, is vrinda; this dreadful, life-taking disease is incurable and is left untreated.
A hard, raised, wick-like growth from all three doshas, with pricking and splitting pain, that blocks the throat is shataghni, aptly named after the spiked weapon it resembles; it is always…
A throat nodule from kapha and blood, warm and with little pain, in which a mouthful of food seems to stick, is shilatu (gilayu); it is quickly incised with a knife and treated.
An abscess in the throat from all doshas, with the signs of abscess described earlier, takes life; another great swelling from kapha and blood, with fever and burning, blocks the throat…
With the channels of vata coated by kapha, vata cannot move, so with breathlessness and fatigue the voice is lost, the throat dries and food seems to stick; this vata disease is svaraghna.
A swelling that spreads step by step in the throat, showing the signs of all three doshas with rising pain, is mamsaroga (mamsatana); it destroys like a snake with strong poison.
- Treatment of throat diseases and promise to describe palate diseasesगलामय चिकित्सा व तालुरोग वर्णन प्रतिज्ञाMethodp. 279
Throat diseases are treated with emesis, nasal drops, plasters, ointments, gargles and similar special measures; the author then promises to describe the palate diseases with their signs…
Heading announcing nine kinds of palate disease; seven of them (galashundika, tundikeri, adhrusha, kacchapa, raktarbuda, mamsasanghata and talupupputa) are described by the end of PDF 352.
From blood and kapha a large, long, raised swelling grows at the root of the palate with cough, thirst and breathlessness; this is galashundika.
- Treatment of galashundika; signs and treatment of tundikeriगलशुंडिका चिकित्सा व तुण्डिकेरी लक्षण व चिकित्साSurgeryp. 279
Galashundika is quickly cut open with a knife and treated with the three pungents, kushtha and kutannata (as paste, gargle and the like); a round, raised, burning swelling on the palate…
From intense aggravation of blood a red, soft swelling with fever and much burning arises on the palate (adhrusha); it is treated with surgery, rubbing and similar measures.
From kapha a tortoise-shaped swelling with little pain arises on the palate (kacchapa); after giving rest, as the commentary reads it, it is cleansed with the three fruits, the three…
- Signs of raktarbuda and mamsasanghata of the palateरक्तार्बुद लक्षण व मांससंघात लक्षणConditionp. 280
A large swelling in the middle of the palate like the red lotus (its pericarp, says the commentary) arises from blood (raktarbuda); likewise flesh corrupted by kapha heaping up painlessly…
From kapha and fat a firm swelling like a jujube, painless or with slight pain, arises on the palate (talupushpaka or talupupputa); it is incised and rubbed vigorously with medicinal…
From excessive dryness the palate cracks and dries and there is severe breathlessness; this is called talushosha. The text says it is treated with vata- and pitta-pacifying remedies mixed…
Pitta aggravated by the use of very hot substances produces a severe suppuration (paka) in the palate, which the Jinas call talupaka; it should be treated promptly with pitta-removing…
Having described the nine diseases of the palate, the author announces four diseases of the whole mouth: a separate disease called vichari, and sarvasara arising from vata, pitta and kapha.
A swelling over the whole mouth from strongly aggravated pitta, with burning, foul smell, suppuration, spreading strands of sinew and high fever, is called vichari (the commentary also…
Rough blisters in the mouth with pricking, splitting and many kinds of intense pain mark vata-type sarvasara, to be overcome with vata-removing drugs. A footnote on the next page says it is…
When the mouth is covered with red blisters accompanied by burning, suppuration and fever, it is pitta-type sarvasara (mouth inflammation), to be overcome quickly with the best…
When the mouth is covered with rough, cold, very itchy, hard, painless and slimy blisters, it is kapha-type sarvasara, which the physician treats with kapha-removing drugs.
All mouth diseases arising from pitta and blood are to be overcome by purgation and bloodletting; those from vata and kapha by emesis, medicated smoking, errhines (shirovirechana), holding…
The kernels of mahua, khirni, neem, ingudi, palasha and castor, with kushtha, jatamamsi, devadaru, guggulu, resin, fresh ginger, sariva and others, are ground into a paste, spread on a…
Likewise the mouth is fumigated with a wick of danti, apamarga (kinihi), ingudi, devadaru and sarala, and also with guggulu, dhyamaka (fragrant grass), jatamamsi, agaru, black pepper and…
This fumigation is said to remove mouth diseases from kapha and vata, and with ghee added all mouth diseases. Astringent preparations (kashaya) and cow's urine with jasmine flowers and…
An oil cooked from one prastha each of bhringaraja juice, amalaki juice and sesame oil, four prastha of cow's milk and a pala (16 tola) of liquorice as paste is given as nasal drops and is…
Oil cooked with milk and with a decoction and paste of saha (glossed as rasna), arimeda, amalaki, haritaki, asana, turmeric and trikatu is used for nasal drops and gargles and is said to…
Devadaru, kutaja bark, patha, katuki (rohini), ativisha and danti, each taken separately in the measure of a dharana (24 ratti) with cow's urine, are said to overcome mouth diseases arising…
There is little need to list more medicines for mouth diseases: since they arise mostly from vata and kapha, vata- and kapha-removing drugs should always be used, and the learned physician…
A patient with mouth disease should be given a light meal once a day, with green gram soup with ghee and salt, khala, soups with pungent drugs, and plenty of astringent and bitter…
Sixty-six diseases of the mouth have now been described with care. Of these, the three lip diseases arising from all three doshas, from flesh and from blood are to be abandoned as incurable.
Among diseases of the tooth roots, the sinus (nadi) with signs of all three doshas and mahashaushira are to be avoided; among diseases of the teeth, dalana, shyavadanta (dark teeth) and…
In the tongue the great disease called alasa is incurable, and in the palate the tumour (arbuda) is to be abandoned.
The face is said to be half of the whole body and its chief part, and within the face the eye is valued above the other senses, for a person without eyes is like a tree surrounded by…
Therefore the eye must be protected in every way. There are seventy-six harmful diseases that afflict the eyes, and the physician should treat them after careful thought.
In the throat svaraghna, valaya, vrinda, mahalasa, mamsachaya, rohini, galaugha and the very severe shataghni, and vichari of the whole mouth, are dreadful and incurable. The physician…
Eye diseases arise from the doshas lodged in the eye through plunging into water when overheated, keeping a fixed posture, change of seasons, sweat or much walking, excess intercourse, loss…
Eye diseases have three kinds of seats in the eye: the circles (mandala), the junctions (sandhi) and the layers (patala), numbering five, six and six respectively.
The five circles of the eye are the lashes (pakshma), lids (vartma), white (shukla), black (krishna) and sight (drishti). One junction lies between each pair of circles, giving four; the…
Two layers (patala) are in the eyelids and four in the eyeball; the dreadful disease timira arises in these four layers of the eyeball. The author then promises a detailed account of all…
The author announces the diseases called abhishyanda, which are the cause and basis of all eye diseases and arise from the particular doshas, together with their full treatment. A footnote…
In vata-type abhishyanda the eyes have intense pricking, splitting and other pains, roughness and horripilation, cold tears fall, and warm treatment feels pleasant.
The affected eye is smeared with old ghee and promptly given mild warm sudation with water boiled with vata-pacifying drugs; then a warm paste of the same drugs with rock salt is applied.
After oleation the patient is purged, and venesection (siravimoksha) and enema are done; nasal therapy, putapaka, tarpana, smoking, sudation and leaf bandaging are also applied. An…
The patient is fed khala well seasoned with sour fruits and spices such as coriander and cumin, and food cooked with ghee and with boiled milk; after the meal he drinks saurabha ghee, and…
Citron juice, rock salt, ghee, sesame oil, woman's milk and nili are rubbed together into a fine collyrium, which is fumigated with the three pungents and applied regularly to the eyes.
All eye diseases caused by vata should be cured by the methods just described, or carefully by the course of treatment given earlier for vata diseases.
In pitta-type abhishyanda there is burning, suppuration and great heat in the eyes, watering, a sensation as if fuming, hot tears, thirst (named in the verse), excessive hunger and…
The patient is first given ghee to drink to soften the body, then purged, and venesection is done; after three days errhine therapy (shirovirechana) with ghee made from milk (not from curd)…
Lotus stalk, kalhara (white water lily), padmaka, blue water lily, the chief milky trees, karkatashringi and sandalwood, ground with milk and mixed with ghee and sugar, are applied as a…
Finely powdered conch is rubbed hard with breast milk in two iron vessels (with an iron pestle, says the commentary), fumigated again and again with sugar, and applied regularly as a…
When the eyes suffer from burning, a paste of liquorice mixed with buffalo milk, strained, cooled and combined with camphor is to be used; or the same paste with ghee or with the juice of…
The patient should drink gruel (yavagu) cooked with milk, soaked in ghee and mixed with sugar, and eat green gram soup, rice pudding (payasa) mixed with ghee, or rice with green gram soup.
The patient is fed cooked vegetables of astringent, bitter and sweet taste and cooling potency; when thirsty he drinks, in measured amounts, wholesome water made pleasant with sandalwood…
Many eye diseases arise from pitta and are therefore marked by intense burning; all of them should be overcome by every kind of cooling treatment or by the course prescribed for pitta…
When the face and the eyes become red, the eyes are surrounded by networks of red lines, and the signs of pitta-type abhishyanda also appear, it is to be known as blood-type (raktaja)…
It should be treated promptly with pitta-removing remedies, and bloodletting and purification (emesis, purgation and the like) should also be done; diseases arising from pitta and blood are…
In kapha-type abhishyanda the eyes feel as if smeared, are very cold, heavy and swollen, itch intensely, crave warm things and give out a slimy discharge.
Kapha-type abhishyanda is treated repeatedly with errhines (shirovirechana), venesection and heating with very dry substances, and a paste of triphala, the three pungents and fresh ginger…
Repeated eye drops (ashchyotana) that are very warm and contain rock salt are said to be always excellent, and the kapha-obstructed eye is irrigated with the juice of punarnava root mixed…
Gargling (gandusha) with well-ground mustard in warm water is always to be done, and afterwards mouthfuls (kavala) of shigru root, fresh ginger, kushtha and rock salt are held. The…
For kapha-type abhishyanda, very sharp and dry drugs are ground with the astringent and alkali groups in cow's urine, mixed with a paste of both turmerics, the three pungents, kushtha and…
Citron, amlaka (glossed as badhal), rock salt, turmeric, haritaki, dry ginger and the three pippalis (pippali, vanapippali, gajapippali) are rubbed hard in a clean copper vessel and…
Realgar (manahshila), long pepper and dry ginger are ground thoroughly in the juices of black shigru (murungi), tulasi (surasa) and fresh ginger, fumigated in the same way, and always…
- Summary of treatment for all kapha-type eye diseasesकफज सर्वनेत्ररोगों का चिकित्सा संग्रहPrinciplep. 292
All eye diseases arising from kapha are to be treated with all the medicines described, and especially with putapaka juices of tender shigru shoots and leaves of jati (jasmine).
A patient whose eyes are full of kapha is given very pungent drugs and, says the commentary, made to fast for three days at a time, then fed once in the morning a light, small meal of rice…
The patient with the eye disease should drink a little lukewarm water boiled with kushtha, haritaki and musta, or the pleasant soup of pigeon pea (adhaki) prepared with pungent, hot drugs,…
If the well-known eye diseases called abhishyanda are neglected and not treated in time, each produces, according to its own dosha, other hard-to-conquer diseases called adhimantha;…
In adhimantha the eye feels as if being torn out and churned again and again, and half of the head aches with very severe pain. A footnote says adhimantha, like abhishyanda, has four kinds:…
If untreated, kapha-type adhimantha destroys sight in seven days, vata-type in six, blood-type in five (or three) days, and the fierce pitta-type at once.
Since these dreadful adhimantha diseases cause loss of sight, their qualities should be carefully considered and they should be treated quickly with suitable medicines and with the…
When vata-type adhimantha is neglected, a disease arises that makes the eyes fall (destroys them) with intense pain; it is called hatadhimantha and is incurable.
When the eye feels coated with matter, has itching, discharge and burning, and is swollen red like a ripe bimbi fruit, it is akshipaka with swelling; there is also an akshipaka without…
When vata, lodged mostly in the brows and eyes, moves about in both eyelids, it causes pain by turns, now in the eye, now in the brow, now in the lids; this disease from aggravated vata is…
When from aggravated vata the eyes are contracted, the lids rough and hard, vision dim and turbid, and the patient cannot look because opening the eyes is very painful, it is called…
Vata residing in the eye and accumulated in the brow produces a severe splitting pain in the vessel of the head, the ear, the jaw and the neck (manya); this is called anyatovata. A footnote…
From eating burning (vidahi) sour substances the whole eye suppurates and becomes red, swollen and burning; this disease arises from aggravated blood and is called amladhyushita.
When the vessels of the eye become red, with or without pain, and again and again lose their redness or turn deeper red, the disease, caused by aggravated blood, is called sirotpata (the…
If sirotpata is neglected, the disease called siraprahasha arises, in which a clear discharge flows constantly from the eyes and the person cannot see even for a moment.
Thus seventeen diseases that occur in the whole eye have been described; the wise physician who knows what is curable and how to cure it should consider them carefully and overcome them by…
- Announcement of the eye diseases of the junctions and other partsसन्ध्यादिगत नेत्ररोग वर्णन प्रतिज्ञाConditionp. 296
From here the author will describe the diseases located in the junctions (sandhi), eyelids (vartma) and other parts of the eye, separately with their signs, number, curability and treatment.
The diseases of all the junctions of the eye are of nine kinds only, to be described in order with their treatment. A movable, very soft, painless and very red pimple at the junction of the…
A hard, black, very painful knot-like swelling of the junction, arising from kapha and discharging much, is called alaji.
When that same swelling ripens, with pricking and splitting pain and much discharge of pus, it is puyalasa. A large, non-suppurating knot with little pain at the junction of sight is…
When kaphopanaha ripens and discharges much pus it is called puyasrava (pus discharge, glossed as the sannipata discharge); when the discharge is white, dry, thick and very slimy, it is the…
A yellow discharge like turmeric water is the pitta type, and a discharge with blood is the blood type; thus four kinds of discharge disease are taught.
Worms arising in the eyelid and the white produce a very itchy knot at the junction of lid and white; this is krimigranthi. With this the diseases of all the junctions have been described…
Next the author will describe the diseases of the eyelids (vartma) with their dosha types, forms, names and number, together with the main principles of treating the curable ones and the…
A dense, very painful pimple from all three doshas in the lower lid, bulging outward with its mouth turned inward toward the eye, is the eyelid disease called utsangini.
A painless pimple in the eyelid shaped like the seed of the kumbhika fruit, which swells, bursts discharging pus and swells again, is the kapha disease called kumbhika. A footnote says…
Many red pimples like mustard seeds in the eyelid, with itching, discharge, heaviness and pain, are called pothaki.
A hard, large pimple in the eyelid that spoils it, surrounded by clusters of other small itching pimples, is vartmasharkara, arising from kapha and vata.
Hard, smooth, painless sprouts in the eyelid shaped like cucumber (urvaruka) seeds, which harm the sight, are called arshovartma.
A rough, long, very dreadful sprout in the eyelid is shushkarsha; a very soft, painless, copper-coloured pimple with burning in the eyelid is anjananamika. The commentary continues on the…
When the eyelid is covered all round with even pimples of its own colour, from excess kapha, it is bahalavartma; being heavy, it does not let the eyes see. A footnote gives a variant…
When the eyelid has a swelling with itching and slight pain so that the eyes cannot see and the patient cannot see all forms properly, it is called vartmavabandha or vartmabandha.
When the eyelid is even (without swelling), of its natural colour or mostly copper-red, with mild pain (named in the verse), and blood suddenly flows from it, it is called klishtavartma.
If klishtavartma is neglected and the blood in the lid is burnt, a sticky slime (kleda) forms and turns black; the seers who know eye diseases call this krishnakardama. A footnote says…
When the outer and inner parts of the eyelid quickly swell and turn dark, it is shyamalavartma, arising especially from blood and pitta.
When the outside of the eyelid has a painless swelling and slimy fluid always flows from inside, experts in eye disease call it klinnavartma, arising from kapha and blood.
When the eyelid, though washed again and again, quickly sticks together and does not suppurate, it is aparklinnavartma (aklinnavartma), arising from kapha.
When the junction of the eyelid is loosened, the lid loses its movement and stays completely closed, the wise call it vatahatavartma, arising from vata.
A red, uneven, hanging, painless, hard, knot-like swelling inside the eyelid is called arbuda (vartmarbuda) by the learned who know the doctrine of the doshas.
Vata lodged in the blinking vessel (nimeshini sira) at the junction of the lid quickly sets the eyelids moving, so that they twitch again and again; this vata disease is called nimesha.
A soft, red, long and very painful sprout that grows on the eyelid and grows again even after being cut is named lohitarsha (raktarsha); a footnote says it is so called because it arises…
A large knot in the eyelid without pain or suppuration, arising from kapha and bearing kapha signs, is called lagana by those who know the doshas.
Just as a lotus stalk reaches deep into the water and constantly oozes water, when a very fine, deep-reaching sprout in the eyelid constantly oozes water, it is called bisavartma.
When, from strong aggravation of vata, the eyelashes are set moving and constantly enter the eye, an inflammatory disorder arises; this dreadful disease is called pakshmakopa. Its…
The verse closes the account of the twenty-one diseases located in the eyelids, described by dosha type, form, name and signs, and announces the diseases of the white of the eye (shukla…
A thin, widely spreading growth of flesh on the white of the eye, slightly bluish or reddish, is called vistari arma; a soft, white growth of flesh on the white that increases slowly is…
A red accumulation of flesh on the white of the eye, like a red lotus petal, is lohitarma; a thick, widely spread accumulation of flesh of the colour of liver is adhimamsarma.
A firm, spread-out growth of flesh on the white of the eye, pervaded by vessels, is snayvarma; many red, smooth dots on the white part make the disease called krishashukti (shukti).
A single spot on the white of the eye, red like hare's blood, is the disease arjuna; a white, raised, painless spot like ground-pulse paste is called pishtaka.
A large, very red, hard, net-like spread of vessels on the white of the eye is sirajala; a white pimple covered with vessels on the white, near the black circle, is sirajapidaka.
A raised knot on the white of the eye like a soft flower bud or a bimbi fruit is called balasagrathita. This completes the eleven diseases of the white part, and the diseases of the black…
A white, even, thin opacity in the black circle of the eye is avrana (or apavrana) shukla and is curable; when the same is sunken and discharges fluid all around it is savrana shukla, which…
When the black circle, affected by the doshas, is covered all over with whiteness, the disease is akshipakatyaya; it arises from all three doshas, and the physician who knows the doshas…
A red growth shaped like the back of a lotus seed, with intense pricking pain, which tears through the black circle and keeps growing while red, blood-like fluid drips from it, is the…
The four diseases of the black circle have been described with their dosha-based signs; the diseases of drishti (the seeing part) are announced next, with their names, forms and signs.
Drishti is described as the part arising where the karma that veils the eye-sense is subsided and destroyed, round and the size of a lentil, suited to coolness, through which forms are…
The author undertakes to describe in order the twelve dosha-caused diseases of drishti that break through its layers (patala), with their names, signs, curability and treatment.
When the doshas settle in the first layer (patala) of the eye, the person does not see things clearly and only with great difficulty sees large objects indistinctly.
When the doshas reach the second layer, sight becomes unsteady and even with effort the person can never see the eye of a needle.
When the doshas reach the third layer, the person cannot see what is below but sees what is above, and sees things as tufts of hair, mosquitoes, flies, nets and similar shapes.
A small amount of dosha (kapha) lodged in all three layers makes a person night-blind; he sees by day because his eyes are aided by the sun and the kapha is slight.
When timira reaches the fourth layer it blocks sight completely and is called linganasha (loss of sight), which has six further kinds. A footnote adds that it is also called timira and…
- Another name for linganasha and signs of the vata typeलिंगनाश का नामांतर व वातज लिंगनाश लक्षणConditionp. 306
Linganasha is also called nilika kacha. In the vata type all objects always appear reddish and rough.
- Signs of the tridoshic linganasha and colour of the vata typeसान्निपातिक लिंगनाश लक्षण व वातज वर्णConditionp. 306
In the type born of all three doshas the patient sees many strange, many-coloured forms and things look distorted. When kacha is of vata, the drishti circle becomes reddish and fixed. An…
From pitta the drishti circle becomes blue, faded yellow-blue (parimlayi) or tawny like a lamp flame; from kapha it becomes white, and the colour disappears when the drishti circle is…
In the pitta type the patient sees everything like lightning, the rainbow, fire, the sun and fireflies; in the kapha type everything looks white; in the blood type things look very red and…
From blood the drishti circle becomes red like coral or dark, and from all three doshas variegated; thus six kinds of linganasha are stated.
- Six further diseases of drishti and signs of pittavidagdha drishtiविदग्धदृष्टि नामक षड्विध रोग व पित्तविदग्ध लक्षणConditionp. 307
Six more diseases of drishti are introduced. When drishti is stained by vitiated pitta it turns quite yellow and the patient sees everything yellow; this is pittavidagdha drishti.
A patient afflicted by kapha sees all stationary and moving things in front of him as white, like the moon, a conch or crystal; this is kaphavidagdha drishti.
Sight afflicted by heat entering the head, excessive exertion, grief and headache sees everything as hazy; the learned call this dhumadarshi.
When the eye disease hrasvajati is present the patient sees even large objects in front of him as small.
When the eyes shine brightly at night like a mongoose's and the person sees strange forms by day, the disease is called nakulandhya.
An eye afflicted by vata that is sunk inwards, very painful and appears pot-like in shape is called gambhira drishti.
Externally caused linganasha is of two kinds, with and without an apparent cause. The caused kind arises from a severe blow, such as wind that has touched the fruit of a poisonous tree…
Linganasha that follows staring fixedly at the sun, Indra, serpent deities or brilliant gems such as diamonds, which destroys the power of sight, is not joined with the doshas and leaves…
All the diseases located in the eye have been set out briefly with their signs; a skilled physician should treat them by rule with all the special procedures and medicines.
Ten eye diseases arise from each of vata and pitta, thirteen from kapha, sixteen from blood, twenty-five from all three doshas and two from external causes.
All together the eye diseases number seventy-six. Of the vata-born ones, hatadhimantha, gambhira drishti, nimesha and vatahata vartma are incurable.
The vata-born kacha, also called aruna, is palliable; shushkakshipaka, vataparyaya, vata abhishyanda, vata adhimantha and anyatovata are curable.
Of the pitta-born eye diseases, hrasvajati and jalasrava are incurable, and nilika kacha and parimlayi are palliable.
Six pitta-born eye diseases are curable: pitta abhishyanda, pitta adhimantha, shukti, amladhyushita, dhumadarshi and pittavidagdha drishti.
The kapha-born discharge (srava) is incurable and kapha kacha is palliable; eleven kapha diseases are curable: kapha abhishyanda, kapha adhimantha, balasagrathita, shleshmavidagdha drishti,…
- Incurable, palliable and curable blood-born eye diseasesरक्तज असाध्य, याप्य, साध्य रोग लक्षणPrognosisp. 310
Of the blood-born eye diseases, raktarsha of the eye, savrana shukla, raktasrava and ajakajata are incurable and blood-born kacha is palliable; eleven are curable: rakta abhishyanda, rakta…
Among diseases born of all three doshas, nakulandhya, puyasrava, netrapaka and alaji are incurable and to be avoided; kacha and pakshmakopa of the eyelid are palliable.
Nineteen tridoshic eye diseases are curable: vartmavabandha, aklinna vartma, sirajapidaka, snayvarma, adhimamsarma, prastaryarma, akshipaka with and without swelling, shyava, bahala,…
Knowing well which of the seventy-six eye disorders are curable, palliable or incurable, the physician should treat them by excision and similar procedures, by strong medicines and by…
Eleven eye diseases are to be excised, five incised, nine scraped and fifteen punctured; twelve are unsuited to the knife and are treated with medicines, seven are palliable by oleation and…
The eleven diseases the physician should excise are the five kinds of arma, sirajapidaka, sirajala, arbuda, shushkarsha, arsho vartma and parvani; excision is said to relieve them.
Five eye diseases are to be incised (bhedana): krimigranthi, kaphopanaha, anjananamika, lagana and bisa vartma.
The ancient sages declare nine diseases curable by scraping (lekhana): klishta vartma, baddha vartma (vartmavabandha), bahala vartma, kardama vartma, shyava vartma, sharkara vartma,…
Fifteen diseases are said by the sages to be curable by puncturing (vedhana): sirotpata, siraharsha, akshipaka with and without swelling, anyatovata, puyalasa, vataparyaya, the four kinds…
Twelve eye diseases, among them pishtaka, arjuna, dhumadarshi, shukti, aklinna vartma, kapha- and pitta-vidagdha drishti, shushkakshipaka, shukla, amladhyushita, praklinna vartma and…
Seven eye diseases are palliable: the six kinds of kacha, in which some sight remains, and pakshmakopa. Fifteen are incurable and to be given up: four of vata, four of blood, four of all…
When an injury to the eye has not moved the eye from its place and it rests there, it is treated by smearing ghee and binding a bandage.
If the injured eye is ruptured and still hangs attached, it is separated and treated by the wound procedure described earlier; sudation, plasters, medicated smoking, nasya and nourishing…
- Promise to describe the treatment of dosha-born eye diseasesवातादि दोषज नेत्ररोगों की चिकित्सा वर्णन प्रतिज्ञाPrinciplep. 313
The author undertakes to state briefly the proper medicines and methods for calming all eye diseases born of vata and the other doshas.
Marutaparyaya (vataparyaya) and anyatovata are to be treated by the method given for the vata eye diseases such as vata abhishyanda.
- Collyrium and eye-nourishing therapy in shushkakshipakaशुष्काक्षिपाक में अंजन-तर्पणFormulationp. 314
Dry ginger powder ground well with breast milk, ghee, oil, rock salt and citron juice makes an excellent collyrium for shushkakshipaka; nourishing the eyes (tarpana) with ghee and oil is…
In shushkakshipaka the eye is irrigated with slightly warm oil mixed with rock salt, or with slightly warm milk; all vata-born eye diseases are to be treated carefully with such measures.
All pitta-born eye diseases are treated with cooling measures. Palasha gum ground with milk and mixed with sugar is used as eye drops (ashchyotana) and is said to remove quickly all pitta…
The palasha eye drops remove the pitta eye diseases and amladhyushita; a decoction of triphala mixed with ghee, drunk, also removes amladhyushita, but this remedy is not beneficial in…
Cooling collyria are used to remove shukti of the eye: pearl, crystal, conch, mother-of-pearl, gold, silver, sandal and sugar are ground well in goat's milk and applied as a collyrium.
- Treatment of dhumadarshi and all kapha eye diseasesधूमदर्शी व सर्व श्लेष्मज नेत्ररोगों की चिकित्साRemedyp. 315
For dhumadarshi, cow's ghee is to be drunk constantly and also used as nasya. Kapha-born eye diseases are to be calmed quickly with dry and pungent medicines and strong head purgation.
Awned barley and black sesame are dried, soaked repeatedly in goat's milk, burnt by the method of alkali making, the ash filtered with water and cooked; this alkali is applied with a probe…
Long pepper, black pepper, dry ginger and drumstick seeds ground well with sour citron juice make a collyrium; constant application is said to remove pishtaka and many kapha diseases…
Kasisa, rock salt, samudraphena and haratala are ground with sour fruit juice, bronze ash prepared by putapaka and alkali processing is added with jasmine alkali, and the mixture is made…
Rock salt, white pepper (black pepper with its skin removed), manahshila and the tender shoots and flowers of jasmine are ground in sour fruit juice, made into a wick and dried; repeated…
All blood-born eye diseases, including rakta abhishyanda, rakta adhimantha, siraharsha and sirotpata, are first softened by smearing ghee and then overcome by bloodletting from the vessels,…
When a blood-born eye disease is very painful, eye drops, collyrium, nasya, putapaka, medicated smoking, tarpana, plasters and thick pastes prepared with unctuous, cooling and warm groups…
In the eye diseases arising from the vessels, sirotpata and siraharsha, drinking ghee is beneficial; leeches are applied quickly all around the eyes to let blood, and a collyrium of ghee…
A collyrium of conch ash or samudraphena mixed with ghee is said to overcome arjuna; svarna makshika rubbed with phanita and applied as a collyrium cures arjuna and avrana shukla.
Powders (ashes) of all the major and minor mineral drugs, gems and metals, all salts, garlic and karanja, ground with a decoction of cardamom, the three pungents and the three fruits, make…
Akshipaka with swelling and without swelling is to be overcome by bloodletting from the vessels and by purification; the collyrium that follows is also beneficial.
Ghee, rock salt and sour fruit juice are rubbed in a copper vessel and left in it for ten days; jasmine flowers, vidanga, dry ginger, rock salt and long pepper are then added and the mass…
In puyalasa blood should be let quickly and a poultice of leaves applied; pariklinna vartma and all the related eye diseases are calmed with a collyrium of fresh ginger juice, kasisa and…
Many eye diseases are curable by surgery. The eye is first smeared with ghee and fomented with hot water and a piece of cloth; then the physician carefully operates with a sharp instrument…
The eyelids are opened well and cleaned with a cotton swab; diseases to be scraped are scraped and rubbed with salt, those to be incised are held with a hook and incised, those to be…
In pakshmakopa the part is pressed well and a forehead band fastened with small tubes is bound; when the lashes are seen to grow, the binding is loosened so that the patient is not troubled.
If pakshmakopa is not relieved by the binding, it is calmed by scraping, by burning with fire (agnikarma) or by plucking out, which removes the burning distress it causes; curable diseases…
If linganasha (timira) disperses quickly when pressed, it is known to be born of intense kapha. The patient looks at his own nose; the physician slowly pierces the natural opening in the…
Smooth probes of silver, copper, lead and gold are made for rubbing the eye and applying collyrium; they are coated with mercury and bahuvara (lisoda, per the commentary), heated and…
Triphala powder is taken with sesame oil in vata linganasha, with ghee in kapha linganasha and with white sugar in pitta and blood linganasha, and is said to give the eyes clarity,…
Old brick (the commentary also allows castor) impregnated with the juices of maurvi, vajri and kumari is rubbed hard in two dirty bronze vessels and mixed with oil, ghee and lamp-black;…
Camphor, sandal, latakasturi, lavali, clove, kankola, nutmeg, saffron and liquorice are powdered and made into a wick, which is burnt with fragrant cow's ghee to prepare a collyrium. This…
Equal parts of gold, copper and silver ash, or of pearl and coral ash, are mixed with equal powders of amalaki, bibhitaki, haritaki, samudraphena, turmeric, conch, tuttha, guduchi,…
Tuttha, sandal, red sandal, saffron, kalaguru, mercury, tamala leaf, camphor and lead in equal parts, with twice that of nilanjana, are powdered into a collyrium, kept in a box or bottle…
Measures famous for preventing loss of sight are named with their authorities: foot massage taught by Pujyapada, cold nasya and cold collyrium of Siddhasena, and tarpana of the eyes and…
The work is described as a drop drawn from the ocean of scripture that came from the mouth of the Jina, whose waves are all substances and principles and whose two shores are the means for…
- Colophon of chapter 15इत्युग्रादित्याचार्यकृते कल्याणकारके चिकित्साधिकारे क्षुद्ररोगचिकित्सितं नामादितः पञ्चदशः परिच्छेदः।Otherp. 322
The colophon closes the fifteenth chapter, named the treatment of minor diseases (kshudraroga-chikitsita), in the treatment section of Ugradityacharya's Kalyanakaraka; the Hindi colophon…