Compendium of the science and rules of method
शास्त्रसंग्रहतंत्रयुक्ति · चिकित्साधिकार
Opening line of the twentieth chapter; its running heads name it the Shastrasangraha section, a compendium of the science and its rules of method.
- Topics
- 71
- PDF pages
- 515–543
Topics in this session
Headings from the book in reading order. Open a topic for its summary and the knowledge it refers to.
Opening line of the twentieth chapter; its running heads name it the Shastrasangraha section, a compendium of the science and its rules of method.
Bowing to the Tirthankaras from Vrishabha to Mahavira, who teach the path of dharma that carries one across the ocean of worldly life, the author promises to describe the causes, signs and…
Food and drink become rasa, from which blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow and semen arise in turn; the seven dhatus are said to form with the help of elements of hot and cold nature and of the…
Names six causes of disease (vata, pitta, kapha, blood, sannipata and injury), five kinds of signs for diseases not caused by injury, and eight seats of disease: skin, vessels, bone,…
- The sixty therapeutic measures and the four kinds of procedureसाठ प्रकार के उपक्रम व चतुर्विध कर्मPrinciplep. 444
Lists the sixty therapeutic measures, from drying, plastering and affusion to cautery, caustics, uttara basti, diet and protective rites, explaining that seven of them have both a cleansing…
- Do's and don'ts after oleation and the other proceduresस्नेहनादि कर्मकृत मर्त्यों को पथ्यापथ्यRegimenp. 445
After oleation, sudation, emesis, purgation, oil and decoction enemas, bloodletting or head purgation, the patient is to avoid anger, sex, long sitting, much walking or standing,…
The eight great procedures are said to weaken the abdominal fire, which should be built up gradually with fire-increasing water and foods, as one nurses a tiny spark into a fire with fine…
For those whose fire has been weakened by these procedures, hot water, boiled-and-cooled water, yavagu, vilepi, yusha, khala unseasoned and seasoned, then food with a little ghee and with…
Heading for verses 12 to 15, which set out twelve kinds of diet and whom each suits: cold, hot, unctuous, dry, liquid, solid, once-daily, twice-daily, medicated, reduced, dosha-pacifying…
Cold food is prescribed for burning, thirst, heat, intoxication, the effects of liquor, raktapitta, sexual excess and fainting; very hot food for those who have taken ghee or been purged,…
Foods and drinks rich in fat suit vata disorders, dry bodies, sexual excess and hard labour; dry, rough food suits kapha excess, a swollen belly, prameha and excess fat.
Liquid food suits severe thirst, a dry mouth and body and weakness; dry food suits prameha, mahodara, eye and abdominal disorders, injury and belching; one light meal a day is for weak fire…
- Promise to describe the actions of medicines and related topicsभैषज कर्मादि वर्णन प्रतिज्ञाOtherp. 448
Sums up the twelve kinds of diet and announces, briefly and following the canon, the fifteen actions of medicines, the ten times for medicine, the variants of cooking ghee and oil, the…
Lists the fifteen actions of medicines as taught by the omniscient one: pacifying, kindling digestion, rejuvenation, nourishing, scraping, binding, aphrodisiac, drying, dissolving,…
Introduces the ten times for taking medicine: without food, before, after and in the middle of the meal, between meals, with food, before and after the meal, repeatedly, with a morsel and…
- Medicine without food, before, after and in the middle of the mealनिर्भक्त, प्राग्भक्त, ऊर्ध्वभक्त व मध्यभक्त लक्षणPrinciplep. 448
Medicine alone in the morning without food is for strong people and is called most potent; before a meal it digests quickly and is comfortable; after a meal it treats diseases of the upper…
Medicine taken at midday between the morning and evening meals (antarabhakta) strongly kindles the fire; food cooked or prepared with medicines (sabhakta) is given to those averse to…
Medicine taken before and after the meal (samudga) calms doshas provoked in the upper and lower body; medicine given again and again, with or without food (muhurmuhu), is for dyspnoea,…
Digestive, nourishing and aphrodisiac powders are mixed with a morsel (grasa) for those with weak fire, depleted semen or weakness; for cough and dyspnoea, emetic medicines, medicated…
Announces, following earlier teachers, the signs of cooking fats, the measures of paste, decoction, powder, oil, ghee and linctus, the signs of deficient, excessive and proper application,…
Where a ghee recipe does not say how its decoction is made, the drug is boiled in four times water down to an eighth according to Shrutakirti and Kumaranandi, or to a sixteenth according to…
Pujyapada's rule: the drug decoction (four times water, reduced to a quarter) is cooked with half as much milk, half as much ghee or oil and drug paste a quarter of the fat until only the…
All the differing views of teachers on cooking ghee and the like are accepted; the cooking of fats is of three kinds, mild, sticky and hard-sticky, each with qualities matching its name.
The mild grade is when fat and drug separate; the sticky grade when the paste is free of fat and slimy; the hard-sticky grade when the paste rubbed between two fingers at once forms a ball;…
For palliative medicines the text gives one tola each as the dose of ghee or oil, powder and paste and one kudava (16 tola) for liquids such as decoctions, to be lessened or increased by…
The six tastes singly and in combinations of two, three, four, five and all six give sixty-three varieties (6, 15, 20, 15, 6 and 1), which the commentary spells out one by one; a physician…
A use of medicine contrary to the disease is ayoga, one that suits it but exceeds the disease's strength is atiyoga, and one favourable in every way that can destroy it completely is…
For knowers of truth who wish to destroy all karmic enemies and win liberation, the author promises to describe, with their signs and according to the words of Lord Mahavira, the fatal…
As heavy clouds make rain certain, distinct fatal signs mean death will come soon; the learned physician decides this in his own mind before speaking, judging the life span from abnormal…
Lists dreams said to foretell a patient's death: climbing a thorny tree, entering a fearful cave, falling headlong from a peak, bamboo or palms growing from the head, throat or chest,…
- Dreams specific to certain diseases, and fruitless dreamsविशिष्ट रोगों में विशिष्ट स्वप्न व निष्फल स्वप्नPrognosisp. 455
Patients with raktapitta, pandu, kapha and vata diseases who dream of many red, yellow, white or reddish things, and a wasting patient who dreams of befriending a monkey, are said to die;…
A healthy person who sees such monstrous, demon-like dreams soon falls ill with many diseases, and a patient soon enters the mouth of death; the auspicious dreams are announced next.
Dreams of the five supreme beings, one's guru, a king, the sixteen dreams of Jain teaching, Jina temples, handsome friends and relatives, crossing rivers or the sea, and climbing a high…
Patients with grave marma involvement, pains that vanish suddenly without treatment, changed nature, black teeth, black hard tongue and lips, stiff, sunken, red or protruding eyes,…
Lists further death signs, from sleeping day and night or not at all, insensitivity to burns, not seeing one's reflection and seeing ghosts, to lice on the forehead and perceiving…
- Close of the fatal signs and promise to describe the vital pointsरिष्टलक्षण का उपसंहार और मर्म वर्णन प्रतिज्ञाPrognosisp. 458
The wise physician should leave patients showing these death signs and those tormented by injury to vital points, and treat the rest; the signs of the vital points (marma) are described…
Heading for the vital points (marma) of the four limbs, eleven in each limb and forty-four in all.
Kshipra, between the big toe and the next toe, brings akshepaka and death when pierced; talahridaya, in the middle of the sole in line with the middle toe, brings pain and death.
Kurcha, above the middle of the foot on both sides, makes the foot whirl or tremble when wounded; kurchashira, below the ankle, gives swelling and pain; gulpha, at the ankle joint, gives…
Indravasti, in the middle of the calf above the heel, kills through bleeding when struck or pierced; janu, the knee joint, causes lameness and pain when wounded.
Ani, three finger-breadths above the knee, gives pain, thigh stiffness and spreading swelling when wounded; urvi, in the middle of the thigh, gives bleeding and swelling of the thigh.
Rohitaksha, at the root of the thigh below the groin, gives bleeding, paralysis and swelling of the leg when wounded, and sometimes death with severe pain.
Vitapa, between the scrotum and the groin, destroys semen and causes impotence when wounded. Each leg and arm has eleven marmas, the arms having wrist, elbow and kakshadhara in place of…
Announces the marmas of the abdomen and chest; guda (the anus), basti (the bladder) and nabhi (the navel) each cause immediate death when wounded.
Hridaya, between the breasts, kills at once when wounded; stanamula, two fingers below the nipples, kills through kapha filling the trunk; stanarohita, two fingers above them, through blood…
Kapala, by the shoulder tips at the sides, kills as the blood turns to pus when wounded; apastambha, on the vata channels at the sides of the chest, kills through vata filling the abdomen…
Closes the twelve marmas of abdomen and chest and begins those of the back: katikataruna, on either side of the spine in the hip bones, causes loss of semen and impotence when wounded.
Kukundara, beside the spine on the outer flanks, brings swelling or loss of movement of the lower body and death; nitamba, above the hip blades, withering of the lower body and death;…
Brihati, running from the roots of the breasts to the spine, kills through bleeding when struck; amsaphalaka, in the upper back bound to the trika, makes the arms wither or go numb.
Two marmas between neck and shoulder, called krakanyamsaka in the commentary, stiffen the head, shoulder, arm and back when struck; this completes the fourteen marmas of the back, and those…
The four nila and manya marmas beside the throat cause muteness, voice change, loss of taste and death when struck, and the eight matrika marmas on the neck vessels cause instant death.
Krikatika, at the junction of neck and head, is called like death itself, a blow making the head shake; vidhura, behind and below the ears, causes deafness when struck.
Phana, inside the nose along the nostril channels, destroys the sense of smell when struck; apanga, at the outer side of the eyes, causes blindness.
- Shankha, avarta, utkshepaka, sthapani and simanta marmasशंख, आवर्त, उत्क्षेपक, स्थपनी, सीमंत मर्म लक्षणAnatomyp. 463
Shankha, between brow-tail, forehead and ear, kills at once; avarta, above the brows, destroys the eyes; with a dart in utkshepaka (at the hairline above shankha) or sthapani (between the…
The four shringataka marmas, junctions of the vessels that nourish the tongue, nose, ears and eyes, kill at once; adhipati, inside the top of the head at the hair whorl, kills quickly.
Thirty-seven marmas lie from the throat to the head. All marmas are of five kinds by structure (bone, ligament, joint, vessel and flesh), each with its members named, and of five kinds by…
Nineteen marmas (eight neck vessels, guda, hridaya, basti, nabhi, adhipati, two shankha and four shringataka) kill at once; twenty-nine (eight of the chest, four talahridaya, four…
- Marmas fatal on removing the dart, disabling and painfulविशल्यघ्न, वैकल्यकर व रुजाकर मर्मAnatomyp. 466
Utkshepaka and sthapani kill when the lodged dart is drawn out; forty-eight marmas, from janu and urvi to krikatika and katikataruna, cause disability; eight (four kurchashira, two…
Totals the 107 marmas (19, 29, 3, 48 and 8). Those wounded at a marma mostly die of the pain within a fortnight; survivors helped by a good physician live maimed, deaf, mute, insane or with…
Marmas measure one to a few finger-breadths (a footnote gives sizes from half to four finger-breadths); injury to the end, middle or side of a marma gives results that depend on that…
The author says he learned the canon, the doshas, the severe diseases they cause and their treatment, drawn from the Pranavada, by the grace of Shrinandi Acharya, whom the commentary names…
- The teachers who set out the eight limbsअष्टांगों के प्रतिपादन पृथक्-पृथक् आचार्यों के शुभनामNarrativep. 468
Names the teachers of the separate limbs: Pujyapada (shalakya), Patrakesari Svami (surgery), Siddhasena (toxicology and graha pacification), Dasharatha (internal medicine), Meghanada…
Samantabhadra expounded all eight limbs at length in a great work; Ugraditya presents them in brief in the Kalyanakaraka according to his ability.
The work was composed at lovely Ramagiri in the Kalinga country, a hill of fine slopes, trees, creepers, caves and temples.
The author wrote not for fame, amusement, pride in his poetry or popularity, but remembering the work as the great Jain doctrine that uproots all karma.
A learned monk who knows the science of health and lives by it keeps healthy and gains the path to the bliss of the liberated; one who does not falls ill from his doshas and binds karma…
A sick person, however wise and firm, can pursue none of the four aims of life; this science, a weapon that pierces the vital points of karma, lets those who master it protect their health…
A blessing that this Ayurveda, which explains substances, is honoured by great men and is pure in accord with Jain teaching, may endure for the welfare of all beings as long as sun, moon…
A further blessing: may the earth long rejoice, the Jina's dharma prevail, kings rule devoted to the Jain path, and this Jain medical work, beneficial to all beings, endure.
The work is called a drop from the ocean of scripture that issued from the Jina's mouth, with all substances as its waves and the means for this world and the next as its two shores; as the…
- Colophon of chapter twentyइत्युग्रादित्याचार्यविरचिते कल्याणकारके चिकित्साधिकारे शास्त्रसंग्रहतंत्रयुक्तिरिति नाम विंशः परिच्छेदः।Editorialp. 471
Colophon: thus ends the twentieth chapter, named Shastrasangraha-tantrayukti, in the treatment section (chikitsadhikara) of the Kalyanakaraka composed by Ugradityacharya, with the…