The text says terrible abdominal enlargements (mahodara) arise from the doshas singly or together, from liver and spleen disorders, from water, from poisons and from obstruction and foreign bodies; the commentary counts eight kinds and the verses give the features of each.
Also described as
General features, prognosis and the division of the eight udaras into those curable by medicine and those needing surgery.
Names and synonyms
- Sanskrit
- उदररोगमहोदरउदर
- Hindi
- उदर रोगपेट बढ़नाजलोदर
- English
- Udara rogaabdominal enlargementascitesdistended abdomen
- Romanized
- udararogamahodara
Types described in the text
Vata-type udara
वातोदर
Vata aggravated by unwholesome food and wrong conduct vitiates the food juices and produces mahodara with colic, distension, many kinds of pricking pain and black veins on the abdomen.
Pitta-type udara
पित्तोदर
Pitta vitiated by its own causes produces mahodara with burning, thirst, fever and wasting; stool, urine and the network of abdominal veins are yellow, and it spreads quickly.
Kapha-type udara
कफोदर
Aggravated kapha makes the abdomen heavy, stable, very unctuous, cold, large and white, covered with white veins, with swelling, growing gradually; the commentary adds that it is hard.
Combined-dosha udara (dushyodara)
सन्निपातोदर (दूष्योदर)
Food mixed with urine, faeces, semen or menstrual blood, poisoned water and other poisons aggravate the three doshas with the blood and produce this mahodara born of latent poison and water. It flares up especially on rainy, heavily clouded days, when the patient faints and suffers thirst and burning all over the body.
Liver and spleen udara
यकृत्प्लीहोदर
Fever, intense burning, drinking much water and burning-type foods aggravate vitiated blood, so that the liver on the right side or the spleen on the left enlarges greatly, giving yakridudara or plihodara.
Obstructed-bowel udara
बद्धगुदोदर
Hair, small stones or bits of grass taken with food obstruct the intestine, faeces collect there and pass with great difficulty, and there is a foul, faecal smell.
Oozing udara
स्रावि उदर (परिस्राव्युदर)
A thorn or other sharp object swallowed unknowingly with food pierces the intestine; much watery fluid oozes from it and passes through the anus, with pricking pain.
What the text says
Each statement reports the source, with its chapter, page and verse. Traditional descriptions are not presented as proven medical facts.
Classification1
The commentary explains the causes as aggravated vata, pitta, kapha and their combination, drinking water while undergoing oleation and similar procedures, poisoning, and a foreign body lodged in the intestine, and counts eight kinds: vatodara, pittodara, kaphodara, sannipatodara (dushyodara), yakrit-plihodara, baddhagudodara, kshatodara (parisravi udara) and dakodara.
Causes2
Terrible great abdominal diseases (mahodara) are said to arise from the doshas all together or singly, from liver and spleen disorders, from the use of water, from poisoning, and from obstruction and foreign bodies.
A footnote to the dushyodara verse says that some women, out of ignorance, mix excreta and the like into food to bring men under their control, and that enemies administer poison to kill.
Signs and symptoms1
All mahodaras show burning, fainting, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, weak digestion, retention of wind and faeces, swelling, emaciation and pain in the body.
Treatment principle3
Of the eight mahodaras, the first four (from vata, pitta, kapha and their combination) can be cured by excellent medicines and the other four by surgery; after a long time all of them need both surgery and medicines.
In the treatment of poison-induced udara (vishodara), the text says, even the use of harsh, dangerous poison is called medicine; it cites three such remedies and concludes that poison taken by such a patient becomes harmless, like nectar, according to the saying that poison is the medicine of poison.
The translation says that in the treatment of poison-induced udara the use of harsh, dangerous poisons is sometimes medicine: a paste of kakodani, ashvamaraka and gunja root is to be given, pieces of sugarcane bitten by a black snake are to be eaten, or a root or tuber poison taken, by which the patient becomes free of disease; poison taken by such a patient becomes non-poisonous and a cause of great comfort.
Prognosis3
Besides jalodara in its final stage, baddhodara and sravi udara are named among the udaras the physician should not take up; the commentary says they too are to be regarded as incurable.
The remaining mahodaras are very difficult to cure; they get better with difficulty if a skilled physician treats them suitably every day.
An udara patient with marked loss of appetite, flanks that feel broken and swelling, whose abdomen fills again quickly even after purgation, should be left as incurable.
Where else is this mentioned?
Named 38 times on 22 pages. These are automatic name matches, so a few may refer to something else with the same name.
- Book page 122Chapter 8… जीर्ण, भय, शोक, पाणडुरोग, मद, मूर्छा, अरुचि, भ्रम, श्वास, कास, कुष्ठ, उदररोग, तृषा बवासीर, अल्पवयस्क, गर्भिणी, क्षय, प्रमेह, कृश, दुर्बलाग्नि, उन् …
- Book page 150Chapter 10… में यकृदुदर अष्टीलिका गुल्म, अग्निमांद्य खांसी, ऊधर्वश्वास, शूल, वमन, उदर रोग, कुक्षिरोग (संग्रहणी अतिसार आदि) प्लीहोदर आदि रोग दूर होते हैं तथा इस …
- Book page 158Chapter 11… शोषवेदिन:॥ 4॥ भावार्थ : सब विषय को जानने वाले (सर्वरा) प्रमेह, कुष्ठ, उदररोग, वातव्याधि, मूढगर्भ, बवासीर, अशमरी, भगंदर, इनको महारोग कहते हैं।
- Book page 178Chapter 11… ्य-मिच्छत्सु साधु कथ्यामि यथाप्रयोगै: ॥ 102॥ भावार्थ : कुष्ठ, प्रमेह, उदररोग, नाडीव्रण इन रोगों के कारण से जो स्थूल है तथा सूजन, कफरोग, मेदवृद्धि …
- Book page 182Chapter 11×6… है। कुष्ठरोग उपशमन होता है, इसलिए रोगी सुखी होता है। अथ उदररोगाधिकार: उदररोग निदान नृणां समस्तै: पृथगेव दोष्ैर्यकृत्प्लिहामयामुदकोपयोगात्॥ विषप्र …
- Book page 183Chapter 11… ष्ट:॥ 130॥ भावार्थ : अपने प्रकोप कारणों द्वारा प्रकुपित कफ से उत्पन्न महोदर में उदर भारी, स्थिर, कठिन, चिकना, ठणडा बडा व सफेद हो जाता है एवं शिरा …
- Book page 184Chapter 11×2… उसे प्यास तो अधिक लगती है। उसे भोजन करने की विशोष इच्छा नहीं रहती है। उदर रोग के साधारण लक्षण सदाहमूच्र्छोदरपूरणाग्नि। मरुत्पुरीषातिविरोधना …
- Book page 185Chapter 11×4… ्य यथानुरूपं। चिकित्सितं तत्रा करोति नित्यम् ॥ 141॥ भावार्थ : बाकी के महोदर रोग कष्टसाध्य होते हैं। यदि वैद्य कुशल क्रियाओं से प्रतिनित्य अनुकूल …
- Book page 186Chapter 11×2… िग्रुम्ूलैस्सकरंजयुग्मैस्सपत्रादानैरुपनाहयेत्तम्॥ 144॥ भावार्थ : वातज महोदर हो तो उसके पेट पर तेल का लेपन कर दूध व दही से पकाये हुए सेंजन का जड व …
- Book page 187Chapter 11… र चाटने को देना चाहिए एवं मंदोष्ण गाय का दूध पिलाना चाहिए जिससे समस्त उदर रोग नाश होते हैं। उदर नाशक योग तथैव दुग्धाद्र्रकजातिसद्रवै। र्विपक्वमाशु …
- Book page 188Chapter 11×2… था काले सेंजन के रस से वा पुनर्नवा के रस से सिद्ध एरणड तैल के सेवन से महोदर रोग नाश होता है। अन्यान्य योग सुवर्धिका हिंगुयुतं सनागरं। सुखोष्णदुग …
- Book page 189Chapter 11×4… ा नाम महानाराच घृत है। इसके सेवन से, शीघ्र विरेचन होता है। इसलिए सर्व उदररोग, अष्टीलीका, कुष्ठ गुल्म, अपस्मार भयंकर उन्माद और प्रलाप युक्त रोगियों …
Questions and answers
Which diseases does the Kalyanakarakam call the major diseases (mahamaya)?
Prameha, kushtha, udara, vatavyadhi, mudhagarbha, haemorrhoids, urinary stone and fistula-in-ano.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhat eight kinds of udara does the commentary list?
Vatodara, pittodara, kaphodara, sannipatodara (dushyodara), yakrit-plihodara, baddhagudodara, kshatodara (parisravi udara) and dakodara.
Detailed answer and sourcesHow do baddhagudodara and sravi udara arise?
Baddhagudodara arises when hair, small stones or grass in food lodge in the intestine; sravi udara when a thorn or sharp object swallowed unknowingly pierces the intestine.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhich udaras does the text call curable by medicines, which by surgery, and which incurable?
The first four (vata, pitta, kapha and combined) by medicines and the other four by surgery, with both needed after a long time; udaras that have ended as jalodara, and patients who refill quickly after purgation with anorexia, broken-feeling flanks and swelling, are to be left as incurable.
Detailed answer and sourcesAll references
Every page and verse of the source that this entry draws on.
- Chapter 11 · p. 182 · v. 127
- Chapter 11 · p. 182 · v. 128
- Chapter 11 · p. 182 · v. 129
- Chapter 11 · p. 183 · v. 131
- Chapter 11 · p. 183 · v. 130
- Chapter 11 · p. 183 · v. 131-132
- Chapter 11 · p. 183 · v. 133
- Chapter 11 · p. 184 · v. 134
- Chapter 11 · p. 184 · v. 135
- Chapter 11 · p. 184 · v. 138
- Chapter 11 · p. 185 · v. 139
- Chapter 11 · p. 185 · v. 140
- Chapter 11 · p. 185 · v. 141
- Chapter 11 · p. 185 · v. 142
- Appendix: Hitahita · p. 608
- Appendix: Hitahita · p. 623
Extraction notes
- Verse 140 is printed as 141; the next verse also reads 141.
- Cited within the hitahita argument that even poison can be wholesome; reported only as the text states it.
- These poison remedies are recorded from the Sanskrit on PDF 680 as remedy_gunja_p680_1, remedy_ikshu_p680_1 and remedy_visha_p680_1, all flagged for professional supervision; they are not duplicated here.
Quick facts
- Content type
- Condition
- Categories
- DigestiveLiver
- Source pages with records
- 6
- Pages naming it
- 22
- Chapters
- Chapter 11Appendix: Hitahita
- Extraction tasks
- T09, T29, T30
- Record id
- condition_udara