Built from passages of the source by the curated extraction. Pending human review.
Names and synonyms
- Sanskrit
- शस्त्रकर्मशल्यकर्मशस्त्रप्रयोगछेदनभेदनलेखन
- Hindi
- शस्त्रकर्मशल्य क्रियाऑपरेशनचीरा लगाना
- English
- Surgerysurgerysurgical procedureincisionexcision
- Romanized
- shastra karma
What the text says
Each statement reports the source, with its chapter, page and verse. Traditional descriptions are not presented as proven medical facts.
Historical5
The introduction calls surgery (śalya) one of the principal limbs of Ayurveda and says Suśrutācārya set it out in a systematic, scientific way; many surgical treatises existed earlier, by Upadhenu, Urabhra, Puṣkalāvata and others, but the credit for compiling them in order goes to Suśruta.
It says the Suśruta Saṁhitā describes many kinds of instruments (śastra, yantra, anuyantra), discusses how the eight kinds of surgical operation and the after-care are to be done, and describes the steps before and after surgery, such as wound healing, so well that modern surgeons can still learn from it; Western surgeons have taken up Suśruta's method under the name 'Indian Methods'.
According to the introduction, Suśruta describes not only minor but also major operations such as opening the abdomen; operations for baddhagudodara, aśmarī, āntravṛddhi and bhagandara in a manner close to modern practice; procedures for an obstructed foetus (mūḍhagarbha) and for removing foreign bodies (śalya); cutting open the abdomen to deliver the child and suturing the uterus again; and many operations for eye diseases.
The introduction says that a large part of the Kalyāṇakāraka deals with surgery, and that it describes the eight kinds of surgical operation and their procedures in an orderly way.
It says surgery, being very useful, is mentioned in works such as the Mahābhārata, which records that experts in extracting arrows were called when Bhīṣma lay on his bed of arrows, and that surgery was practised in India until some time ago.
Safety
- Needs a trained practitioner. This procedure or preparation is of a kind that should only be carried out under qualified supervision.
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, kidney or liver disease and other medicines all call for professional advice before any traditional remedy is used.
Where else is this mentioned?
Named 82 times on 48 pages. These are automatic name matches, so a few may refer to something else with the same name.
- PDF page 7Front matter… आधुनिक शस्त्र विद्या प्रवीण विद्वानों को भी बहुत कुछ सीखने लायक है और शस्त्रकर्म प्रवीण पाश्चात्य वैद्यों ने सुश्रुत की पद्धति को Indian Methods के ना …
- PDF page 22Front matter×3… ी प्रतिलिपि। प्रतिलिपि सुंदर है। जैसे ब्राह्ीलिपि सुंदर है, उस प्रकार लेखन बिल्कुल शुद्ध नहीं है। साथ में हिताहिताध्याय का प्रकरण तो लेखक के प्र …
- Book page 69Chapter 5… ्रतिभास होती है। परन्तु अंदर जाकर जलन पैदा करने वाली है। गुल्म आदि को भेदन करती है। मूत्र के पत्थर को रेचन करने वाली, वात विकार को दूर करने वाली …
- Book page 96Chapter 7×4… ाव का अनुसरण करके यथायोग्य स्नेहन, स्वेदन, वमन विरेचन आदि कमोँ को तथा छेदन-भेदन आदि के योग्य रोगों में छेदन, भेदन आदि क्रियायें करें तो रोग पीडि …
- Book page 111Chapter 8… ों में दु:ख उत्पन्न करने वाली सूजन हो जाती है। उस समय दोनों पाद तोदन, भेदन आदि पीडा संयुक्त स्पर्शनासह होते हैं और सूख भी जाते है। इस को वातरक्त …
- Book page 169Chapter 11… षाय, कल्क आदि रोपण प्रयोगों के द्वारा रोपण करना चाहिए एवं क्षर, औषधि, शस्त्रकर्म आदि प्रयोग जो जिससे साध्य हों, उसका उपयोग करना चाहिए। कुष्ठरोगाधिकार: …
- Book page 171Chapter 11… त्रिदोष से उत्पन्न होते हैं। महाकुष्ठ से युक्त रोगी के शरीर में ताडन-भेदन, त्वक्संकोचन आदि लक्षण होते हैं। एक विचर्चि विपदिका कुष्ठ लक्षण कृत्स …
- Book page 185Chapter 11… पात इनसे उत्पन्न) तो उत्तम औषधियों से साध्य हो सकते हैं। बाकी के चार शस्त्रकर्म से ठीक होते हैं। बहुत काल बीतने पर सर्व ही महोदर शस्त्र व औषधियों से …
- Book page 206Chapter 12… य विदधीत सदेदं। राजराजसदृशां महतां च॥ 68॥ 1. यदि गर्भ जीवित हो तो कभी छेदन नहीं करना चाहिए। 2. अवगाहन आदि का स्वरूप पहले लिख चुके हैं।
- Book page 209Chapter 12… 82॥ भावार्थ : बालकों के रोगों की चिकित्सा अग्निकर्म, विरेक, क्षरकर्म, शस्त्रकर्म, वमन आदि अग्निकर्म आदि से नहीं करना चाहिए। साध्य रोगों में तदनुरूप मृ …
- Book page 212Chapter 12… 96॥ भावार्थ : उस अर्श रोग की चिकित्सा यंत्र, पट्टीबंधन, उत्तम औषधि व शस्त्रकर्म के बल से
- Book page 215Chapter 12… त्तोत्पन्न अर्श को क्षरकर्म से एवं मूल में स्थूल, कठिन व बडे अर्श को छेदन व अग्निकर्म से साधन करना चाहिए। जिसका अंकुर कोमल है, रोगी भी बलवान है …
Questions and answers
Into which two kinds does the text divide treatment, and what does external treatment consist of?
Internal treatment, which is dharma, and external treatment, which is only an auxiliary cause; external treatment means oleation, sudation, emesis, purgation and, where suitable, excision and incision, chosen according to substance, place, time and condition.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhich udaras does the text call curable by medicines, which by surgery, and which incurable?
The first four (vata, pitta, kapha and combined) by medicines and the other four by surgery, with both needed after a long time; udaras that have ended as jalodara, and patients who refill quickly after purgation with anorexia, broken-feeling flanks and swelling, are to be left as incurable.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhich treatments does chapter 12 forbid for children's diseases?
Cautery, purgation, caustic alkali, surgery, emesis and the like; mild measures are used instead.
Detailed answer and sourcesAccording to the commentary, which piles are treated with medicine, which with alkali, which with cautery and which with the knife?
Recent, mild, internal piles with medicine; soft, spread, thick, raised ones with alkali; rough, firm, raised, hard ones with cautery; thin-based, hanging, moist ones with the knife.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhy does the text say a stone in a child is easy to remove?
Because the child's body and bladder are small, its flesh is scant and an instrument can be applied easily.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhen does the text say a urinary stone yields to medicine, and when does it call for surgery?
A soft stone is cured by medicines; a hard, grown stone is broken open with care and removed, that is, by surgery.
Detailed answer and sourcesWhat four kinds of therapeutic action does chapter 21 name?
Caustic (kshara), fire (agni), knife (shastra) and medicine (aushadha).
Detailed answer and sourcesBy which four procedures, according to the translation, are diseases treated, and why should none of them be relied on alone?
Poison, alkali, fire and instruments; some diseases are treated by one of them, some by two, some by three and some by all four.
Detailed answer and sourcesAll references
Every page and verse of the source that this entry draws on.
Quick facts
- Content type
- Therapy
- Categories
- Surgery
- Source pages with records
- 2
- Pages naming it
- 48
- Chapters
- Front matter
- Extraction tasks
- T01
- Record id
- method_shastrakarma