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Conditionरोग

Timira (progressive visual impairment)

तिमिर

Extracted from the text5 references

The text describes doshas lodging in successive layers (patala) of the eye and impairing sight step by step; when timira reaches the fourth layer it is called linganasha.

Names and synonyms

Sanskrit
तिमिरकाच
Hindi
तिमिरधुंधला दिखना
English
Timiratimirablurred visionvisual impairment
Romanized
timira

Types described in the text

Doshas in the first layer

प्रथम पटलगत

Doshas in the second layer

द्वितीय पटलगत

Doshas in the third layer

तृतीय पटलगत

What the text says

Each statement reports the source, with its chapter, page and verse. Traditional descriptions are not presented as proven medical facts.

Signs and symptoms3

  • With the doshas in the first layer, the person does not see things clearly and sees even large objects only indistinctly and with great difficulty.

    Chapter 15 · p. 305 · v. 211Hindi commentaryTraditional description
  • With the doshas in the second layer, sight is unsteady and even with effort the eye of a needle cannot be seen.

    Chapter 15 · p. 305 · v. 212Hindi commentaryTraditional description
  • With the doshas in the third layer, things below are not seen while things above are, and all things look like tufts of hair, mosquitoes, flies and similar creatures.

    Chapter 15 · p. 305 · v. 213Hindi commentaryTraditional description

How it develops1

  • The dreadful disease timira is said to arise in the four layers (patala) of the eyeball.

    Chapter 15 · p. 287 · v. 129Hindi commentaryTraditional description

Prognosis1

  • Visual confusion and darkness before the eyes (the verse says timira), with twitching of the eyes and a heavy flow of tears, are listed among the signs which, appearing suddenly with the others of verse 31, are said to mean that death is near.

    Appendix: Rishta · p. 605 · v. 31Hindi commentaryTraditional description

Where else is this mentioned?

Named 15 times on 9 pages. These are automatic name matches, so a few may refer to something else with the same name.

Questions and answers

What are the seats of eye diseases and how many of each are there?

Five circles (mandala), six junctions (sandhi) and six layers (patala).

Detailed answer and sources
How does sight change as the doshas move through the layers of the eye?

In the first layer things are seen indistinctly; in the second even a needle's eye cannot be seen; in the third things below are not seen and objects look like hair, mosquitoes or flies; in the fourth, timira blocks sight completely and is called linganasha.

Detailed answer and sources

All references

Every page and verse of the source that this entry draws on.

Extraction notes

  • Verses 211-213 speak of doshas in the first to third layers; verse 215 uses the name timira when the dosha reaches the fourth layer.

Quick facts

Content type
Condition
Categories
Eye and ENTElderly care
Source pages with records
3
Pages naming it
9
Extraction tasks
T14, T15, T29
Record id
condition_timira