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Astringent vegetables are listed among the causes of vāta aggravation.

With astringent fruits and tuber and leaf vegetables a sweet after-drink is wholesome, and with foods that are plainly sweet an after-drink of pungent substances is best. A footnote notes…

A footnote says vāta is aggravated in the rainy season by the nature of the season, so enema therapy is given then.

Astringent preparations (kashaya) and cow's urine together with jasmine flowers and sprouts are said always to remove all diseases of the mouth.

Bitter vegetables (the commentary writes तीखा for the verse's tikta) are listed among the causes of vāta aggravation.

Raktapitta is described as blood, corrupted in the liver and spleen by vata and pitta after vata, injury or heat, flowing upward, downward or both ways. Its prodromes, incurable and fatal…

The doshas pervert the taste of the mouth. The mouth is washed with decoctions that counter the dosha and the present taste, and suitable tooth-sticks, held liquids, gargles and head…

The people of marshy (ānūpa) land are described as very stout and kapha-predominant, and physicians there are told always to treat kapha and vāta.

The introduction lists the qualities of kapha as stable (sthira), unctuous (snigdha), smooth (ślakṣṇa), clay-like (mṛtsna), cold (śīta), heavy (guru) and slow (manda), and says kapha, like…

The introduction says meat, like wine and honey, is used in no medicinal formula of the Kalyāṇakāraka, because obtaining it involves killing living beings and its renunciation is needed to…

The introduction says that the treatment portion of the Kalyāṇakāraka resembles Caraka to a large extent, apart from the parts dealing with honey, wine and meat.

Taking digestion as the example, the introduction says the pācaka pitta in the āmāśaya, pakvāśaya and similar organs is gross and can be seen directly, with qualities such as a raw smell…

Excessive use of pungent things is listed among the causes of pitta aggravation.

The verse lists the habitual use of a single taste among the causes that bring on the doshas, to be avoided.

The verse describes sesame as hot, pervaded by astringent, bitter and sweet tastes, binding and appetising, light in digestion, and, applied to wounds, cleansing and healing.

Eating sesame oil is listed among the causes of pitta aggravation.

Virasa is a perverted taste in the mouth caused by the doshas, treated by mouth-washes, tooth-sticks, held liquids, gargles and head purgation.

Continuing the account of digestion, the introduction says the food is moved onward by a propulsive action, and samāna vāyu is needed for this and to keep the food moist; its actions of…

Vatarakta is said to arise from burning, pungent, hot and dry food in the hot season and long fast riding, which burn the blood and provoke vata; the corrupted blood collects in the feet…

The commentary prescribes the after-drink by the kind of food: sour gruel (kāñjī; the verse says sauvīra) when eating things made of pulses, buttermilk with boiled rice and the like, warm…

The seasonal rules name the drinking water for each season: in spring well or village water, or water heated, clean and cooled; in summer well water; in the rains hot water; in autumn water…

In the rains, food with bitter and astringent tastes in larger measure and pungent in small measure is said to be wholesome, together with milk, sugarcane and things made from them such as…

Sour foods take a salty after-drink, and pungent foods a bitter and astringent one. Milk is called a wholesome after-drink with every taste.

Land dominated by the air quality is hard, uneven and dry, brown or dove-grey, with mostly tasteless grasses, poor crops and hollow trees; its water is pungent (the commentary writes कडुवा)…