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Ajirna is food that is not digested, in three kinds (ama, vidagdha, vishtabdha); constant eating of many foods leads to it and to alasaka, vilambika and vishuchika. It is treated with…

Ghee drunk for oleation that has not been digested; the text says it gives rise to anorexia, fever, prameha, insanity, kushtha and fainting, and manages it with hot salted water or emesis…

Alasaka is one of the disorders said to follow indigestion, marked by a full abdomen, listlessness, vomiting, upward-moving wind and retention of stool and urine with severe pain.

A person who keeps eating many kinds of food all the time, like a cow, develops indigestion, and from it the dreadful alasaka, vilambika and the intensely painful vishuchika arise.

Fasting is called the best measure to conquer indigestion, and hot water is drunk only when thirsty, because the very weak digestive fire cannot digest food, medicine or doshas.

For indigestion the text says fasting must be done and hot water drunk only when thirsty.

In indigestion, blackening of the tongue, teeth, nails and lips, severe vomiting, sunken eyes, loss of voice, loss of memory and slack limbs are said to be signs that the patient will soon…

The text lists emesis, sudation, a suppository wick, drugs that kindle digestion, fasting and hot water as the measures that relieve indigestion.

Mustard seeds mixed with jaggery are eaten by the patient with indigestion.

The verse says the patient with indigestion should constantly drink salt water; the commentary specifies rock salt in hot water.

Opens the section on indigestion (ajirna) and the related alasaka, vilambika and vishuchika, with their signs, treatment and fatal signs in verses 23 to 37.

Indigestion is relieved by emesis, sudation, a medicated wick placed in the anus, drugs that kindle the digestive fire, fasting and drinking hot water.

The patient constantly drinks rock salt in hot water, eats mustard mixed with jaggery, or drinks a powder of trikatu, rock salt and asafoetida in warm sour fruit juice.

Food that is not digested is called ajirna, of three kinds: ama, where food stays raw and sweet with sweet belching; vidagdha, where it partly digests and turns sour; and vishtabdha, with…

To increase the digestive fire, long pepper powder in hot water, or dry ginger paste in hot water, or a powder of haritaki and salt in hot water is drunk.

The commentary explains āmāśaya as the place where eaten raw food descends, also called medā, and pakvāśaya as the place where food is cooked (digested).

Here adhmana is presented as a vata disease of the abdomen: the colon gurgles, there is severe pain and the belly swells like a bag full of air.

The introduction says the digestion of the six tastes of food just eaten stimulates the pācaka pitta; in the āmāśaya the pācaka pitta and the kledaka kapha are released and gradually mix…

Diarrhoea, burning, thirst, fever, giddiness, intoxication, heat and drying are said not to arise without aggravated pitta.

The verse says that a medicine given in a deficient or excessive measure is marked by faults beginning with failure.

The quantity of enema fluid may be adjusted to age, strength, body, the state of the doshas and the heaviness or lightness of the drugs, but never beyond six kudava; medicated oil or ghee…

Chapter 12 treats piles as a major disease: causes, six kinds with their signs, sites in the anal folds, prodromes, its name mularoga, fatal signs, related growths elsewhere and their…

The people of marshy (ānūpa) land are described as very stout and kapha-predominant, and physicians there are told always to treat kapha and vāta.

The introduction lists the qualities of kapha as stable (sthira), unctuous (snigdha), smooth (ślakṣṇa), clay-like (mṛtsna), cold (śīta), heavy (guru) and slow (manda), and says kapha, like…