Steam sudation (ushma sveda)

Three ways are described: an iron ball or bricks are heated and sprinkled with buttermilk, kanji or another sour liquid while the blanketed patient is warmed by the vapour; a closed pot of hot dashamula or other vata-reducing decoction with an iron or bamboo tube in its side is led under the clothes of the oil-massaged, blanketed patient; or a body-length pit is burnt with khadira wood, the embers removed, the floor sprinkled with milk, buttermilk or kanji and covered with nirgundi, castor and arka leaves, and the patient lies on it under a blanket.