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Twenty-eight of the ear, thirty-one of the nose, eight of the teeth, fifteen of the tooth roots (gums) and seventeen of the throat; five tongue diseases and nine palate diseases are also…

The introduction says no definite time can be given for the origin of Ayurveda, the science of life, because the need for it begins wherever living beings have life; since it is essential…

The introduction lists the qualities of kapha as stable (sthira), unctuous (snigdha), smooth (ślakṣṇa), clay-like (mṛtsna), cold (śīta), heavy (guru) and slow (manda), and says kapha, like…

The commentary says gods born in the upapāda bed and those attaining a final or excellent body obtain, by their merit, long-lived bodies that poison, weapons and the like cannot cut short,…

Masurika (pox; called devi, mata or chechak in the commentary) is described as lentil-like eruptions of many colours and shapes, arising mainly from pitta, with dosha and blood types,…

Snake poison is called the most dreadful of animal poisons; snakes are of five kinds, divine serpents poison by sight and breath and earthly snakes by their fangs, and the text lists why…

Continuing the account of digestion, the introduction says the food is moved onward by a propulsive action, and samāna vāyu is needed for this and to keep the food moist; its actions of…

Pratimarsha makes the mouth fragrant and the teeth and hair firm, and removes all diseases of the ears, eyes, mouth and nose and those above the throat and collar bone.

Thin clear nasal discharge, a covered and blocked nose, dryness of throat, palate and lips, needling pain in the temples, loss of sleep, much sneezing and hoarseness mark vata coryza.

Foul air coming from the nose and mouth when vata, joined with vitiated doshas, lodges in the throat and palate; treated by cleansing the throat and with head purgation.

Head-purging nasya is used in the many kapha diseases above the collar bone (the commentary: throat, nose, eyes and so on), and can also be given with dry drugs. Four drops of the purging…

In the throat svaraghna, valaya, vrinda, mahalasa, mamsachaya, rohini, galaugha and the very severe shataghni, and vichari of the whole mouth, are dreadful and incurable. The physician…

A second kind of oleating nasya, pratimarsha (also called avamarsha, says a footnote), is used at nine times, listed in a footnote: on rising in the morning, on leaving the house, after…

The throat, ears and forehead are first sweated; the gargle liquid is then held in the mouth, filling it only halfway, and kept still until the medicine is enveloped in kapha; when the eyes…

Smoke that properly calms a strong disease is called yoga or samyag yoga; ayoga is use that makes the disease increase, and atiyoga is use of suitable drugs in too large a measure; these…

Vata joined with vitiated doshas lodged in the throat and palate makes foul air come from the nose and mouth (putinasa); the throat is cleansed and the head treated with head-purging drugs.

When head-purging acts properly, the ears, throat, lips, eyes, mouth, palate and nose are cleansed together with the strong kapha; physicians who know proper and excessive action should aim…

When the disease worsens, the eruptions spread to the tongue, ears, eyes, nose, brows, lips, throat, feet, hands and head, and over the whole body.

Pratimarsha on rising clears the night's waste from nose and mouth and heavy sleepiness; on going out it wards off wind, sun, smoke and dust; after tooth-cleaning it firms the teeth, scents…

Head-purging nasya is used in the many kapha diseases above the collar bone (throat, nose, eyes and so on). Both kinds of nasya are given to a patient who has not eaten, on a day without…