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Leeches are called jalaukas because water is their home (oka) and jalayuka because water is their life (ayu); they are also called jaluka, words that grammarians derive by the prishodaradi…

Because this science, the supreme scripture from the lotus mouth of the Jina, is full of compassion and kind to all beings, the translation says physicians should as far as possible try to…

For prameha boils, leeches are first applied over the boils to let blood, and then strong purgation is given; the text warns that the madhumeha patient is hard to purge.

A newly arisen ajagalli that has not ripened is calmed by applying leeches to remove the vitiated blood; if it has ripened, the wise physician should quickly incise it and apply the…

For wounds arising on the penis in shuka disease, the text prescribes the procedures of wound treatment and letting out the vitiated blood by applying leeches; the drugs described for the…

In sirotpata and siraharsha leeches are applied quickly all around the eyes to let blood.

Leeches that are very thin, very thick, very young, injured, distressed, of low breed, eating very little, helpless, very sleepy and lazy, born in a bad region, poisonous or very hard to…

The patient, fit for bloodletting, is fed cool food and seated; an unbroken site is roughened with powdered earth and cow dung or a dry paste and washed with cold water. The leeches are…

Some say blood vitiated by vata is drawn with a horn, by pitta with leeches and by kapha with a gourd that has fire in it; others hold that any suitable means may be used for any dosha. The…

The bite becomes very painful and itchy; rock salt is put on the leech's mouth to detach it at once.

Leeches are kept in a new pot filled with clean lake water, with cool moss, lotus, lotus leaves, pond mud and lotus stalks; they are given water and food every day and moved to a fresh pot…

When a leech has drunk and fallen off, its body is dusted with rice powder, rock salt mixed with oil is applied to its mouth, and it is pressed gently from the tail towards the mouth until…

Vitiated blood is drawn with a fire-lit gourd or a horn, and leeches able to suck draw it by themselves. When a leech has drunk and dropped off, its body is dusted with rice powder, rock…

Leeches are said to be plentiful especially in Malaya, the Pandya country, the Sahya hills, the banks of Adityachala, within the Kaveri river, Vanga, Trikalinga, Paundra and the Indra…

A patient with a disease curable by bloodletting is examined, given cool food in the cool season and seated; if the site has no wound it is rubbed rough with powdered earth and cow dung or…

After leeching, the place is washed again and again with cold water so the disease is drained, and then milk or ghee is sprinkled over it for a long time.

Twelve, six poisonous and six non-poisonous; the savarika is used only for animals such as elephants and horses.

The leeches are caught carefully and kept in a new pot with clean lake water, cool moss, lotus, lotus leaves, mud from the same pond and lotus stalks; they are given water and food daily…

Leeches are called jalaukas because water is their home and jalayuka because water is their life, and also jaluka. There are twelve kinds: six poisonous and very painful, krishna, karbura,…

Group heading for the descriptions of the six non-poisonous leeches in verses 40 to 42.

Group heading for the descriptions of the six poisonous leeches that follow in verses 36 to 38.

The gochandana has its underside divided in two like a cow's horns or testicles, is always moist, thick-mouthed and fiercely poisonous. Bites of poisonous leeches cause severe swelling,…

Having described the poisonous leeches, the author turns to the six non-poisonous ones. The kapila has its sides and belly red as if smeared with cinnabar ground in lac juice, a tawny mouth…

The krishna leech is black like a heap of collyrium with a thick head; the karbura is dark, with a long belly of hollows and ridges, like the varmi fish, which a footnote calls…