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The text counts seventy-six eye diseases, lists their causes and their seats in the eye, and stresses that the eye must be protected in every way.

Eyelid disorders are treated by cautery of the eyelid hair follicles with the eye protected by a wet cloth.

Chapter 15 describes twenty-eight ear diseases arising mainly from aggravated vata, alone or with other doshas, and treats them by dosha with ear oils, fomentation, washes and other…

Raktapitta is described as blood, corrupted in the liver and spleen by vata and pitta after vata, injury or heat, flowing upward, downward or both ways. Its prodromes, incurable and fatal…

Knowing well which of the seventy-six eye disorders are curable, palliable or incurable, the physician should treat them by excision and similar procedures, by strong medicines and by…

Abhishyanda is presented as the cause and basis of all eye diseases, arising from the individual doshas; the text gives vata, pitta, blood and kapha types with their signs and treatment.

Graha affliction is described as seizure by spirit beings (vyantaras and grahas), who the text says trouble people from enmity, for play or wishing to kill, and enter those who neglect…

Svarabheda is damage to the voice from loud recitation, grief, poison, a blow to the throat or loud speaking. It has six kinds (vata, pitta, kapha, tridoshic, fat, blood); the tridoshic and…

Kushtha, the second of the major diseases in chapter 11, is said to arise from all the vitiated doshas and to take eighteen forms. The text gives its pathogenesis (wrong conduct or…

The text says a newborn lives first on its mother's milk alone, then on mother's milk together with food, before taking food alone.

Mouth diseases arise from the doshas in seven sites: the two lips, teeth, tongue, gums, throat and palate.

The opening of chapter 19 treats poisoning as a danger to kings: who poisons, how a poisoner and poisoned food are recognised, and the signs of poison in food, drinks and personal articles.

Chapter 15 counts seventeen throat diseases: rohini of five kinds, kanthashaluka, adhijihvika, valaya, mahalasa, ekavrinda, vrinda, shataghni, gilayu, galavidradhi, galaugha, svaraghna and…

Continuing the account of digestion, the introduction says the food is moved onward by a propulsive action, and samāna vāyu is needed for this and to keep the food moist; its actions of…

Rock salt, white pepper (black pepper with its skin removed), manahshila and the tender shoots and flowers of jasmine are ground in sour fruit juice, made into a wick and dried; repeated…

Finely powdered conch rubbed hard with breast milk in two iron vessels and repeatedly fumigated with sugar is applied regularly as a collyrium to eyes affected by pitta disorders.

A physician skilled in Ayurveda should quickly conquer all mental (graha-seized) disorders with the drugs described and with similar tasteless, repulsive-looking and very foul-smelling…

A collyrium wick of rock salt, white pepper, manahshila and jasmine shoots and flowers ground in sour fruit juice; repeated use is said to remove itching of the eyes and all other kapha…

Liquid food suits severe thirst, a dry mouth and body and weakness; dry food suits prameha, mahodara, eye and abdominal disorders, injury and belching; one light meal a day is for weak fire…

Poison put on the back of an elephant, horse or camel makes the animal discharge kapha from the mouth (its eyes turn red) and lose dhātu, while the rider gets eruptions and swelling on the…

The eyelids are opened well and cleaned with a cotton swab; diseases to be scraped are scraped and rubbed with salt, those to be incised are held with a hook and incised, those to be…

The eyelids are opened well and cleaned with a cotton swab (pichu); diseases to be scraped are scraped and then rubbed with salt; those to be incised are held with a hook (badisha) and…

Sarṣapaka poison causes many vāta disorders, bloating, colic and eruptions. The verse assigns yellow eyes, faeces and urine and a rigid, immovable neck to vatsanābha; the commentary runs…

In vata kushtha there are loss of skin sensation, drying, hoarseness, disturbed sleep and similar disorders; in pitta kushtha there are sores on the eyebrows, ears and nose, red eyes, and…