Marks of dry land (jāṅgala)

Dry land has rough grasses and shrubs; trees such as sarja, arjuna, bhūrja, palāśa, asana and teak; red, dark and pale soils; hills of hard stone, bamboo thickets and forests with fierce beasts; crops such as priyaṅgu, kodrava, green gram and chickpea; donkeys, horses, cattle, camels, goats and sheep; and deep wells far from the villages where water is scarce and drawn up with devices. Its people are by nature thin, with prominent veins and firm, rough, hard bodies, and suffer mostly from vāta disorders, so the physician should use vāta-pacifying treatment there.